Koikoʻi o ka nānā mau ʻana i ka laina liʻiliʻi
ʻO ke anawaena waho i koho ʻia (D) | ʻO ka mānoanoa o ka pā i ʻōlelo ʻia ma mm | Pumi ho'āʻo liʻiliʻi loa (Mpa) | ||||||||||
Papa kila | ||||||||||||
in | mm | L210(A) | L245(B) | L290(X42) | L320(X46) | L360(X52) | L390(X56) | L415(X60) | L450(X65) | L485(X70) | L555(X80) | |
8-5/8 | 219.1 | 5.0 | 5.8 | 6.7 | 9.9 | 11.0 | 12.3 | 13.4 | 14.2 | 15.4 | 16.6 | 19.0 |
7.0 | 8.1 | 9.4 | 13.9 | 15.3 | 17.3 | 18.7 | 19.9 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
10.0 | 11.5 | 13.4 | 19.9 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
9-5/8 | 244.5 | 5.0 | 5.2 | 6.0 | 10.1 | 11.1 | 12.5 | 13.6 | 14.4 | 15.6 | 16.9 | 19.3 |
7.0 | 7.2 | 8.4 | 14.1 | 15.6 | 17.5 | 19.0 | 20.2 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
10.0 | 10.3 | 12.0 | 20.2 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
10-3/4 | 273.1 | 5.0 | 4.6 | 5.4 | 9.0 | 10.1 | 11.2 | 12.1 | 12.9 | 14.0 | 15.1 | 17.3 |
7.0 | 6.5 | 7.5 | 12.6 | 13.9 | 15.7 | 17.0 | 18.1 | 19.6 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
10.0 | 9.2 | 10.8 | 18.1 | 19.9 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
12-3/4 | 323.9 | 5.0 | 3.9 | 4.5 | 7.6 | 8.4 | 9.4 | 10.2 | 10.9 | 11.8 | 12.7 | 14.6 |
7.0 | 5.5 | 6.5 | 10.7 | 11.8 | 13.2 | 14.3 | 15.2 | 16.5 | 17.8 | 20.4 | ||
10.0 | 7.8 | 9.1 | 15.2 | 16.8 | 18.9 | 20.5 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
(325.0) | 5.0 | 3.9 | 4.5 | 7.6 | 8.4 | 9.4 | 10.2 | 10.9 | 11.8 | 12.7 | 14.5 | |
7.0 | 5.4 | 6.3 | 10.6 | 11.7 | 13.2 | 14.3 | 15.2 | 16.5 | 17.8 | 20.3 | ||
10.0 | 7.8 | 9.0 | 15.2 | 16.7 | 18.8 | 20.4 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
13-3/8 | 339.7 | 5.0 | 3.7 | 4.3 | 7.3 | 8.0 | 9.0 | 9.8 | 10.4 | 11.3 | 12.1 | 13.9 |
8.0 | 5.9 | 6.9 | 11.6 | 12.8 | 14.4 | 15.6 | 16.6 | 18.0 | 19.4 | 20.7 | ||
12.0 | 8.9 | 10.4 | 17.4 | 19.2 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
14 | 355.6 | 6.0 | 4.3 | 5.0 | 8.3 | 9.2 | 10.3 | 11.2 | 11.9 | 12.9 | 13.9 | 15.9 |
8.0 | 5.7 | 6.6 | 11.1 | 12.2 | 13.8 | 14.9 | 15.9 | 17.2 | 18.6 | 20.7 | ||
12.0 | 8.5 | 9.9 | 16.6 | 18.4 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
(377.0) | 6.0 | 4.0 | 4.7 | 7.8 | 8.6 | 9.7 | 10.6 | 11.2 | 12.2 | 13.1 | 15.0 | |
8.0 | 5.3 | 6.2 | 10.5 | 11.5 | 13.0 | 14.1 | 15.0 | 16.2 | 17.5 | 20.0 | ||
12.0 | 8.0 | 9.4 | 15.7 | 17.3 | 19.5 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
16 | 406.4 | 6.0 | 3.7 | 4.3 | 7.3 | 8.0 | 9.0 | 9.8 | 10.4 | 11.3 | 12.2 | 13.9 |
8.0 | 5.0 | 5.8 | 9.7 | 10.7 | 12.0 | 13.1 | 13.9 | 15.1 | 16.2 | 18.6 | ||
12.0 | 7.4 | 8.7 | 14.6 | 16.1 | 18.1 | 19.6 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
(426.0) | 6.0 | 3.5 | 4.1 | 6.9 | 7.7 | 8.6 | 9.3 | 9.9 | 10.8 | 11.6 | 13.3 | |
8.0 | 4.7 | 5.5 | 9.3 | 10.2 | 11.5 | 12.5 | 13.2 | 14.4 | 15.5 | 17.7 | ||
12.0 | 7.1 | 8.3 | 13.9 | 15.3 | 17.2 | 18.7 | 19.9 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
18 | 457.0 | 6.0 | 3.3 | 3.9 | 6.5 | 7.1 | 8.0 | 8.7 | 9.3 | 10.0 | 10.8 | 12.4 |
8.0 | 4.4 | 5.1 | 8.6 | 9.5 | 10.7 | 11.6 | 12.4 | 13.4 | 14.4 | 16.5 | ||
12.0 | 6.6 | 7.7 | 12.9 | 14.3 | 16.1 | 17.4 | 18.5 | 20.1 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
20 | 508.0 | 6.0 | 3.0 | 3.5 | 6.2 | 6.8 | 7.7 | 8.3 | 8.8 | 9.6 | 10.3 | 11.8 |
8.0 | 4.0 | 4.6 | 8.2 | 9.1 | 10.2 | 11.1 | 11.8 | 12.8 | 13.7 | 15.7 | ||
12.0 | 6.0 | 6.9 | 12.3 | 13.6 | 15.3 | 16.6 | 17.6 | 19.1 | 20.6 | 20.7 | ||
16.0 | 7.9 | 9.3 | 16.4 | 18.1 | 20.4 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
(529.0) | 6.0 | 2.9 | 3.3 | 5.9 | 6.5 | 7.3 | 8.0 | 8.5 | 9.2 | 9.9 | 11.3 | |
9.0 | 4.3 | 5.0 | 8.9 | 9.8 | 11.0 | 11.9 | 12.7 | 13.8 | 14.9 | 17.0 | ||
12.0 | 5.7 | 6.7 | 11.8 | 13.1 | 14.7 | 15.9 | 16.9 | 18.4 | 19.8 | 20.7 | ||
14.0 | 6.7 | 7.8 | 13.8 | 15.2 | 17.1 | 18.6 | 19.8 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
16.0 | 7.6 | 8.9 | 15.8 | 17.4 | 19.6 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
22 | 559.0 | 6.0 | 2.7 | 3.2 | 5.6 | 6.2 | 7.0 | 7.5 | 8.0 | 8.7 | 9.4 | 10.7 |
9.0 | 4.1 | 4.7 | 8.4 | 9.3 | 10.4 | 11.3 | 12.0 | 13.0 | 14.1 | 16.1 | ||
12.0 | 5.4 | 6.3 | 11.2 | 12.4 | 13.9 | 15.1 | 16.0 | 17.4 | 18.7 | 20.7 | ||
14.0 | 6.3 | 7.4 | 13.1 | 14.4 | 16.2 | 17.6 | 18.7 | 20.3 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
19.1 | 8.6 | 10.0 | 17.8 | 19.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
22.2 | 10.0 | 11.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
24 | 610.0 | 6.0 | 2.5 | 2.9 | 5.1 | 5.7 | 6.4 | 6.9 | 7.3 | 8.0 | 8.6 | 9.8 |
9.0 | 3.7 | 4.3 | 7.7 | 8.5 | 9.6 | 10.4 | 11.0 | 12.0 | 12.9 | 14.7 | ||
12.0 | 5.0 | 5.8 | 10.3 | 11.3 | 12.7 | 13.8 | 14.7 | 15.9 | 17.2 | 19.7 | ||
14.0 | 5.8 | 6.8 | 12.0 | 13.2 | 14.9 | 16.1 | 17.1 | 18.6 | 20.0 | 20.7 | ||
19.1 | 7.9 | 9.1 | 16.3 | 17.9 | 20.2 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
25.4 | 10.5 | 12.0 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
(630.0) | 6.0 | 2.4 | 2.8 | 5.0 | 5.5 | 6.2 | 6.7 | 7.1 | 7.7 | 8.3 | 9.5 | |
9.0 | 3.6 | 4.2 | 7.5 | 8.2 | 9.3 | 10.0 | 10.7 | 11.6 | 12.5 | 14.3 | ||
12.0 | 4.8 | 5.6 | 9.9 | 11.0 | 12.3 | 13.4 | 14.2 | 15.4 | 16.6 | 19.0 | ||
16.0 | 6.4 | 7.5 | 13.3 | 14.6 | 16.5 | 17.8 | 19.0 | 20.6 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
19.1 | 7.6 | 8.9 | 15.8 | 17.5 | 19.6 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
25.4 | 10.2 | 11.9 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 |
Hoʻolauna Huahana
ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻonui i ke koʻikoʻi o ka nānā mau ʻana i ke kūkulu ʻana i ka wai. ʻO nā nānā maʻamau e kōkua i ka ʻike ʻana i nā pilikia ma mua o ka lilo ʻana i mea koʻikoʻi, e hōʻoia ana i ka lōʻihi o ke ola a me ka hilinaʻi o kāu ʻōnaehana sewer. Ma ke koho ʻana i ka paipu kila A252 Grade III, hiki i nā mea ʻenekini ke hoʻomaha i kā lākou hoʻopukapuka ʻana i kahi huahana ʻaʻole kūpono wale i nā kūlana ʻoihana, akā ma mua o lākou. ʻO ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe a me ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion o kā mākou paipu e kū ai lākou i ka mākeke, e hoʻolilo iā lākou i koho kūpono no nā papahana e waiwai ana i ka lōʻihi a me ke kūpaʻa kiʻekiʻe.
Hoʻolālā ʻia e kū i nā kūlana koʻikoʻi maʻamau i nā kaiapuni sewer, ʻo kā mākou A252 Grade 3 Steel Pipe e hāʻawi i ka maluhia o ka noʻonoʻo no nā ʻenekinia a me nā luna papahana. ʻO kā mākou kūpaʻa i ka maikaʻi a me ka hana hou e hōʻoia i ka hana ʻia ʻana o kā mākou huahana i nā kikoʻī kiʻekiʻe loa, e ʻae iā lākou e hoʻohui pono i kekahi papahana sewer.
Pōmaikaʻi Huahana
ʻO kekahi o nā pōmaikaʻi nui o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka paipu kila A252 Grade III ʻo ia kona ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi. Hoʻolālā ʻia kēia mau paipu no ke kū ʻana i nā kūlana kūlohelohe koʻikoʻi, i mea kūpono no lākoulaina ʻōpalanā noi i hiki ʻole ke ʻike ʻia i ka makū a me nā mea ʻino.
ʻO ke kūpaʻa o ka corrosion o ke kila A252 Grade III ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā paipu i ka pōʻino i ka wā o ka manawa, e hōʻemi ana i ka pono no ka hoʻoponopono pinepine ʻana a i ʻole ka hoʻololi ʻana. ʻAʻole kēia e mālama wale i nā kumukūʻai i ka wā lōʻihi, akā e hōʻemi hoʻi i ka haunaele i nā kaiāulu a puni.
Huahana
ʻOi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ke kumu kūʻai mua o nā paipu kila A252 Grade 3 ma mua o nā mea ʻē aʻe, hiki ke hoʻonāwaliwali i kekahi mau luna papahana mai ke koho ʻana iā lākou.
Eia kekahi, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana, e koi ana i nā limahana akamai a me nā mea hana kūikawā. Hiki i kēia ke alakaʻi i ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā kumukūʻai hana a me ka lōʻihi o ka papahana, ʻo ia mau mea ʻelua i mea koʻikoʻi i kekahi papahana kūkulu.

Palapala noi
I ka hana ʻana i ka paipu wai ʻino, hiki i ke koho ʻana i nā mea ke hoʻopilikia nui i ke ola a me ka hilinaʻi o ka ʻōnaehana. Ma waena o nā mea i loaʻa, ʻo A252 Grade 3 paipu kila e kū nei ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻokūkū kiʻekiʻe ma muli o kona ikaika kiʻekiʻe a me ke kūpaʻa ʻana. ʻO kēia mau waiwai i koho maikaʻi loa no nā ʻenekinia e hōʻoia i kā lākou mau papahana e kū i ka hoʻāʻo o ka manawa.
ʻO nā waiwai kūʻokoʻa o ka paipu kila A252 Grade III e kū i waho i ka mākeke. ʻO kona ikaika tensile kiʻekiʻe e hiki ai iā ia ke pale i nā kaomi i hoʻokau ʻia e nā pono hana ma lalo o ka honua, ʻoiai ʻo kona kūpaʻa ʻana i ka corrosion e hōʻoia i ka paʻa mau ʻana i nā wahi paʻakikī. He mea koʻikoʻi kēia paʻa a me ka hilinaʻi i nā papahana sewer, no ka mea hiki ʻole ke hopena i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ke kumukūʻai a me nā pilikia nui o ka hana.
FAQ
Q1: He aha ka A252 Grade 3 Steel Pipe?
ʻO ka A252 Grade III Steel Pipe he paipu kila i hoʻolālā ʻia no nā noi e like me nā paipu hoʻoheheʻe kahi koʻikoʻi ka lōʻihi a me ka lōʻihi. ʻO kāna hana ʻino e hōʻoiaʻiʻo e hiki iā ia ke pale i nā kūlana koʻikoʻi maʻamau i nā kaiapuni lalo.
Q2: No ke aha e koho ai i ka A252 Grade 3 Steel Pipe?
Nīnau pinepine nā ʻenekinia a me nā limahana hana no ke aha lākou e koho ai i ka paipu A252 Class 3 ma luna o nā mea ʻē aʻe. Aia ka pane i kona ikaika kiʻekiʻe a me ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion. He mea kūpono kēia mau waiwai no ka hana ʻana i ka paipu wai ʻino, no ka mea hiki iā ia ke pale i ke koʻikoʻi a me ka hoʻolaha kemika e hiki mai ana me ka hoʻokele wai ʻino. Ma ke koho ʻana i kēia ʻano paipu, hiki i nā ʻenekini ke hilinaʻi e kū kā lākou mau papahana i ka hoʻāʻo o ka manawa, e hōʻemi ana i ka pono no ka hoʻoponopono ʻana a me ka hoʻololi.