Nā Paipu Kūkulu ʻĀpana Hollow no nā Laina Kinoea Kūlohelohe ma lalo o ka Honua

Wehewehe Pōkole:

I ke kūkulu ʻana i nā paipu kinoea kūlohelohe ma lalo o ka honua, he mea koʻikoʻi ke koho ʻana i nā mea no ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka palekana a me ka pono o ke kahua. ʻO nā paipu kūkulu ʻāpana hakahaka, ʻoiai nā paipu arc i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o ka wai, ke lilo nei i mea kaulana loa ma muli o ko lākou ikaika kiʻekiʻe, ka lōʻihi a me ke kūpaʻa i ka pala. Ma kēia blog, e ʻimi mākou i ke koʻikoʻi o ka hakahaka-nā paipu kūkulu ʻāpana i ke kūkulu ʻana i nā paipu kinoea kūlohelohe ma lalo o ka honua a me nā pono nui a lākou e hāʻawi nei.

E leka uila mai iā mākou

Nā kikoʻī huahana

Nā Lepili Huahana

Piʻo wili i lalopaipushoʻohana nui ʻia i ke kūkulu ʻana i nā laina kinoea kūlohelohe ma lalo o ka honua ma muli o kā lākou kaʻina hana hana kūikawā. Hoʻokumu ʻia nā paipu ma ka hana ʻana i nā wili o ke kila i ʻōwili wela ʻia i loko o kahi ʻano wili a laila hoʻopili iā lākou me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi kaʻina hana hoʻopili arc i lalo o ka wai. Hoʻopuka kēia i nā paipu arc Spiral submerged ikaika kiʻekiʻe me ka mānoanoa like a me ka pololei o ka dimensional maikaʻi loa, e kūpono ana iā lākou no ka lawe ʻana i ke kinoea kūlohelohe ma lalo o ka honua.

Papa 2 Nā Waiwai Kino a me nā Kemika Nui o nā Paipu Kila (GB/T3091-2008, GB/T9711-2011 a me API Spec 5L)
Kūlana Maʻamau	Papa kila	Nā ʻāpana kemika (%)						Waiwai Tensile						Hoʻāʻo hopena Charpy (V notch)
		c	Mn	p	s	Si	ʻĒ aʻe	Ka ikaika hāʻawi (Mpa)		Ikaika Tensile (Mpa)		（L0=5.65 √ S0）Ka wikiwiki o ke kīkoʻo ʻana o ka min （%）
		ka nui loa	ka nui loa	ka nui loa	ka nui loa	ka nui loa	ʻĒ aʻe	minuke	ka nui loa	minuke	ka nui loa	D ≤ 168.33mm	D ＞ 168.3mm
GB/T3091 -2008	Q215A	≤ 0.15	0.25 <1.20	0.045	0.050	0.35	Ke hoʻohui nei iā Nb\V\Ti e like me GB/T1591-94	215		335		15	> 31
	Q215B	≤ 0.15	0.25-0.55	0.045	0.045	0.035		215		335		15	> 31
	Q235A	≤ 0.22	0.30 <0.65	0.045	0.050	0.035		235		375		15	>26
	Q235B	≤ 0.20	0.30 ≤ 1.80	0.045	0.045	0.035		235		375		15	>26
	Q295A	0.16	0.80-1.50	0.045	0.045	0.55		295		390		13	>23
	Q295B	0.16	0.80-1.50	0.045	0.040	0.55		295		390		13	>23
	Q345A	0.20	1.00-1.60	0.045	0.045	0.55		345		510		13	>21
	Q345B	0.20	1.00-1.60	0.045	0.040	0.55		345		510		13	>21
GB/T9711-2011（PSL1）	L175	0.21	0.60	0.030	0.030		Koho e hoʻohui i kekahi o nā mea Nb\V\Ti a i ʻole kekahi hui pū ʻana o lākou	175		310		27		Hiki ke koho ʻia hoʻokahi a ʻelua paha o ka helu kuhikuhi paʻakikī o ka ikehu hopena a me ka ʻāpana shearing. No L555, e ʻike i ke kūlana.
	L210	0.22	0.90	0.030	0.030			210		335		25
	L245	0.26	1.20	0.030	0.030			245		415		21
	L290	0.26	1.30	0.030	0.030			290		415		21
	L320	0.26	1.40	0.030	0.030			320		435		20
	L360	0.26	1.40	0.030	0.030			360		460		19
	L390	0.26	1.40	0.030	0.030			390		390		18
	L415	0.26	1.40	0.030	0.030			415		520		17
	L450	0.26	1.45	0.030	0.030			450		535		17
	L485	0.26	1.65	0.030	0.030			485		570		16
API 5L （PSL 1）	A25	0.21	0.60	0.030	0.030		No ke kila papa B, Nb+V ≤ 0.03%; no ke kila ≥ papa B, koho e hoʻohui iā Nb a i ʻole V a i ʻole kā lākou hui pū ʻana, a me Nb+V+Ti ≤ 0.15%	172		310		（L0=50.8mm）e helu ʻia e like me kēia ʻano hana:e=1944·A0 .2/U0 .0 A:Kahi o ka laʻana ma mm2 U: Ka ikaika tensile i kuhikuhi ʻia ma Mpa		ʻAʻohe a i ʻole kekahi a i ʻole nā mea ʻelua o ka ikehu hopena a me ka ʻāpana shearing e koi ʻia ma ke ʻano he pae paʻakikī.
	A	0.22	0.90	0.030	0.030			207		331
	B	0.26	1.20	0.030	0.030			241		414
	X42	0.26	1.30	0.030	0.030			290		414
	X46	0.26	1.40	0.030	0.030			317		434
	X52	0.26	1.40	0.030	0.030			359		455
	X56	0.26	1.40	0.030	0.030			386		490
	X60	0.26	1.40	0.030	0.030			414		517
	X65	0.26	1.45	0.030	0.030			448		531
	X70	0.26	1.65	0.030	0.030			483		565

ʻO kekahi o nā pono nui o nā paipu kūkulu ʻāpana hakahaka ko lākou kūpaʻa maikaʻi loa i ka pala. Ke kanu ʻia i lalo o ka honua, ua hōʻike ʻia nā paipu kinoea kūlohelohe i ka makū, nā kemika lepo a me nā mea ʻino ʻē aʻe. Ua hoʻolālā kūikawā ʻia nā paipu arc wili i lalo o ka wai e kū i kēia mau kūlana ʻino o ka honua, e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ana i ka lōʻihi a me ka hilinaʻi o nā paipu kinoea kūlohelohe.

Ma waho aʻe o ke kūpaʻa i ka corrosion,nā paipu kūkulu ʻāpana hakahakahāʻawi i ka ikaika a me ke kūpaʻa kiʻekiʻe, e kūpono ai no nā hoʻonohonoho ʻana ma lalo o ka honua. Hāʻawi ka hoʻolālā wili o kēia mau paipu i ka hiki ke lawe i nā ukana maikaʻi loa, e ʻae ana iā lākou e kū i ke kaumaha o ka lepo a me nā mana o waho me ka ʻole o ka hoʻopilikia ʻana i ko lākou kūpaʻa kūkulu. He mea nui loa kēia ma nā wahi me ka geology paʻakikī, kahi e pono ai nā pipelines ke kū i ka neʻe ʻana o ka lepo a me ka noho ʻana.

Eia kekahi, ua ʻike ʻia nā paipu kūkulu ʻāpana hakahaka no ko lākou versatility a me ke kumukūʻai kūpono. Loaʻa lākou i nā ʻano nui a me nā mānoanoa like ʻole a hiki ke hoʻopilikino ʻia e hoʻokō i nā koi kikoʻī o nā papahana paipu kinoea kūlohelohe ma lalo o ka honua. ʻO kēia ka mea e hōʻemi ai i ka pono no nā mea hoʻohui hou a me ka wili ʻana, e hopena ana i ka hoʻouka wikiwiki ʻana a me nā kumukūʻai holoʻokoʻa haʻahaʻa. ʻO ke ʻano māmā o kēia mau paipu e ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka halihali a me ka lawelawe ʻana, e kōkua hou ana i ka mālama kālā.

I ka wā e pili ana i ka palekana a me ka pono onā laina kinoea kūlohelohe ma lalo o ka honua, he mea koʻikoʻi ke koho ʻana i nā mea. ʻO nā paipu kūkulu ʻāpana hakahaka, ʻoiai nā paipu arc i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o ka ʻōwili, hoʻohui i ka ikaika, ke kūpaʻa, ke kūpaʻa i ka pala a me ke kumukūʻai kūpono, e kūpono ai lākou no ka hoʻoili kinoea kūlohelohe ma lalo o ka honua. Ma ka hoʻopukapuka kālā ʻana i nā paipu kiʻekiʻe i hoʻolālā kūikawā ʻia no nā hale ma lalo o ka honua, hiki i nā ʻoihana kinoea ke hōʻoia i ka hilinaʻi a me ke ola lōʻihi o kā lākou ʻoihana me ka hoʻemi ʻana i nā kumukūʻai mālama a me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka wā lōʻihi.

I ka hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo, he kuleana koʻikoʻi ko nā paipu kūkulu ʻāpana hakahaka i ke kūkulu ʻana i nā laina kinoea kūlohelohe ma lalo o ka honua. ʻO kona kūpaʻa kiʻekiʻe i ka pala, ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe a me ke kumukūʻai kūpono e lilo ia i koho mua no nā papahana halihali kinoea kūlohelohe. Ma ke koho ʻana i nā mea kūpono no nā hale ma lalo o ka honua, hiki i nā ʻoihana kinoea kūlohelohe ke mālama i ka palekana a me ka hilinaʻi o kā lākou ʻoihana, e kōkua ana i ka hāʻawi ʻana i ke kinoea kūlohelohe me ka maikaʻi i nā mea kūʻai.