ʻO ka kikoʻī API 5L 46th Edition no ka laulā o ka paipu laina

Kikoʻī API 5L 46th Edition no ka Line Pipe Scope Kiʻi i Hōʻike ʻia

Wehewehe Pōkole:

Ua kuhikuhi ʻia ka hana ʻana o ʻelua pae huahana (PSL1 a me PSL2) o ka paipu kila seamless a welded no ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi pipeline i ka lawe ʻana i ka petroleum a me ke kinoea kūlohelohe. No ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea i loko o kahi noi lawelawe Sour e nānā i ka Annex H a no ka noi lawelawe ma waho e nānā i ka Annex J o API5L 45th.

E leka uila mai iā mākou

Nā kikoʻī huahana

Nā Lepili Huahana

Kūlana Hoʻouna

PSL	Kūlana Hoʻouna	Papa paipu
PSL1	E like me ka ʻōwili ʻia, hoʻonohonoho maʻamau, hoʻonohonoho maʻamau i hoʻokumu ʻia	A
	ʻŌwili ʻia e like me ke ʻano, ʻōwili ʻia maʻamau, ʻōwili ʻia maʻamau, hoʻokumu ʻia maʻamau, hoʻokumu ʻia maʻamau, hoʻonohonoho ʻia, hoʻonohonoho ʻia a hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia a i ʻole inā ʻae ʻia Q&T SMLS wale nō	B
	E like me ka ʻōwili ʻia, hoʻonohonoho ʻia i ʻōwili ʻia, ʻōwili thermomechanical, hoʻokumu ʻia thermo-mechanical, hoʻonohonoho ʻia i hoʻokumu ʻia, hoʻonohonoho ʻia, hoʻonohonoho ʻia a hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia	X42, X46, X52, X56, X60, X65, X70
PSL 2	E like me ka ʻōwili ʻia	BR, X42R
	Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ʻōwili ʻia, hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i hoʻokumu ʻia, hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia a i ʻole hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia a hoʻoikaika ʻia	BN, X42N, X46N, X52N, X56N, X60N
	Ua pio a hoʻomāmā ʻia	BQ, X42Q, X46Q, X56Q, X60Q, X65Q, X70Q, X80Q, X90Q, X100Q
	ʻOwili ʻia ka thermomechanical a i ʻole i hoʻokumu ʻia ka thermomechanical	BM, X42M, X46M, X56M, X60M, X65M, X70M, X80M
	ʻōwili ʻia ka Thermomechanical	X90M, X100M, X120M
	ʻO ka lawa (R, N, Q a i ʻole M) no nā māka PSL2, no ke kila kila

ʻIke Kauoha

Pono e komo pū ka kauoha kūʻai me ka nui, ka pae PSL, ke ʻano a i ʻole ka Papa, ka kuhikuhi ʻana i ka API5L, ke anawaena o waho, ka mānoanoa o ka paia, ka lōʻihi a me nā mea hoʻohui pili a i ʻole nā koi hou e pili ana i ka haku mele kemika, nā waiwai mechanical, ka mālama wela, ka hoʻāʻo hou ʻana, ke kaʻina hana, nā uhi ʻili a i ʻole ka hoʻopau hope.

Kaʻina Hana Maʻamau

ʻAno Paipu	PSL 1			PSL 2
ʻAno Paipu	Papa A	Papa B	X42 a i X70	B a i X80	X80 a i X100
Nā SMLS	ü	ü	ü	ü	ü
LFW	ü	ü	ü
HFW	ü	ü	ü	ü
LW			ü
SAWL	ü	ü	ü	ü	ü
SAWH	ü	ü	ü	ü	ü
SMLS - ʻAʻohe wili, me ka ʻole o ka weld LFW - Paipu wili ʻia alapine haʻahaʻa, <70 kHz HFW - Paipu i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ke alapine kiʻekiʻe, >70 kHz SAWL - Hoʻopili ʻia ka wiliwili submerge-arc longitudinal SAWH - Kuʻihao submerge-arc i hoʻopaʻa ʻia helical

Mea Hoʻomaka

ʻO nā ʻipu, nā pua, nā bila, nā ʻōwili a i ʻole nā papa i hoʻohana ʻia no ka hana ʻana i ka paipu e hana ʻia ma o nā kaʻina hana aʻe, ka oxygen kumu, ka umu uila a i ʻole ke kapuahi hāmama i hui pū ʻia me ke kaʻina hana hoʻomaʻemaʻe ladle. No PSL2, e pepehi ʻia ke kila a hoʻoheheʻe ʻia e like me ka hana palaoa maikaʻi. ʻAʻole pono e loaʻa i ka ʻōwili a i ʻole ka papa i hoʻohana ʻia no ka paipu PSL2 kekahi mau wili hoʻoponopono.

Ka Hoʻohui Kemika no ka paipu PSL 1 me t ≤ 0.984″

Papa kila	ʻĀpana nuipa, % ma muli o ka wela a me nā loiloi huahana a,g
Papa kila	C ʻoi loa b	Mn ʻoi loa b	P ka nui loa	S ka nui loa	V ka nui loa	Nb ka nui loa	Ti ka nui loa
Paipu humuhumu ʻole
A	0.22	0.90	0.30	0.30	-	-	-
B	0.28	1.20	0.30	0.30	c,d	c,d	d
X42	0.28	1.30	0.30	0.30	d	d	d
X46	0.28	1.40	0.30	0.30	d	d	d
X52	0.28	1.40	0.30	0.30	d	d	d
X56	0.28	1.40	0.30	0.30	d	d	d
X60	0.28 e	1.40 e	0.30	0.30	f	f	f
X65	0.28 e	1.40 e	0.30	0.30	f	f	f
X70	0.28 e	1.40 e	0.30	0.30	f	f	f
Paipu i hoʻopaʻa ʻia
A	0.22	0.90	0.30	0.30	-	-	-
B	0.26	1.2	0.30	0.30	c,d	c,d	d
X42	0.26	1.3	0.30	0.30	d	d	d
X46	0.26	1.4	0.30	0.30	d	d	d
X52	0.26	1.4	0.30	0.30	d	d	d
X56	0.26	1.4	0.30	0.30	d	d	d
X60	0.26 e	1.40 e	0.30	0.30	f	f	f
X65	0.26 e	1.45 e	0.30	0.30	f	f	f
X70	0.26e	1.65 e	0.30	0.30	f	f	f
Cu ≤ = 0.50% Ni; ≤ 0.50%; Cr ≤ 0.50%; a me Mo ≤ 0.15% No kēlā me kēia hōʻemi ʻana o 0.01% ma lalo o ka nui kiʻekiʻe i kuhikuhi ʻia no ke kalapona, a me ka hoʻonui ʻana o 0.05% ma luna o ka nui kiʻekiʻe i kuhikuhi ʻia no Mn ua ʻae ʻia, a hiki i ka nui o 1.65% no nā māka ≥ B, akā ≤ = X52; a hiki i ka nui o 1.75% no nā māka > X52, akā < X70; a hiki i ka nui o 2.00% no X70. Ke ʻole i ʻaelike ʻia NB + V ≤ 0.06% Nb + V + TI ≤ 0.15% Ke ʻole i ʻaelike ʻia. Inā ʻaʻole i ʻaelike ʻia, NB + V = Ti ≤ 0.15% ʻAʻole ʻae ʻia ka hoʻohui ʻana o B me ka manaʻo hoʻokahi a ʻo ke koena B ≤ 0.001%

Ka Hoʻohui Kemika no ka paipu PSL 2 me t ≤ 0.984″

Papa kila	ʻĀpana nuipa, % ma muli o ka wela a me nā loiloi huahana																		Kālepa like me a
	C ʻoi loa b		Si ka nui loa		Mn ʻoi loa b		P ka nui loa		S ka nui loa		V ka nui loa		Nb ka nui loa		Ti ka nui loa		ʻĒ aʻe		CE IIW ka nui loa		CE Pcm ka nui loa
Paipu humuhumu a me ka Welded
BR	0.24		0.40		1.20		0.025		0.015		c		c		0.04		e,l		.043		0.25
X42R	0.24		0.40		1.20		0.025		0.015		0.06		0.05		0.04		e,l		.043		0.25
BN	0.24		0.40		1.20		0.025		0.015		c		c		0.04		e,l		.043		0.25
X42N	0.24		0.40		1.20		0.025		0.015		0.06		0.05		0.04		e,l		.043		0.25
X46N	0.24		0.40		1.40		0.025		0.015		0.07		0.05		0.04		d,e,l		.043		0.25
X52N	0.24		0.45		1.40		0.025		0.015		0.10		0.05		0.04		d,e,l		.043		0.25
X56N	0.24		0.45		1.40		0.025		0.015		0.10f		0.05		0.04		d,e,l		.043		0.25
X60N	0.24f		0.45f		1.40f		0.025		0.015		0.10f		0.05f		0.04f		g,h,l		E like me ka ʻaelike
BQ	0.18		0.45		1.40		0.025		0.015		0.05		0.05		0.04		e,l		.043		0.25
X42Q	0.18		0.45		1.40		0.025		0.015		0.05		0.05		0.04		e,l		.043		0.25
X46Q	0.18		0.45		1.40		0.025		0.015		0.05		0.05		0.04		e,l		.043		0.25
X52Q	0.18		0.45		1.50		0.025		0.015		0.05		0.05		0.04		e,l		.043		0.25
X56Q	0.18		0.45f		1.50		0.025		0.015		0.07		0.05		0.04		e,l		.043		0.25
X60Q	0.18f		0.45f		1.70f		0.025		0.015		g		g		g		h,l		.043		0.25
X65Q	0.18f		0.45f		1.70f		0.025		0.015		g		g		g		h,l		.043		0.25
X70Q	0.18f		0.45f		1.80f		0.025		0.015		g		g		g		h,l		.043		0.25
X80Q	0.18f		0.45f		1.90f		0.025		0.015		g		g		g		ʻo wau,j		E like me ka ʻaelike
X90Q	0.16f		0.45f		1.90		0.020		0.010		g		g		g		j,k		E like me ka ʻaelike
X100Q	0.16f		0.45f		1.90		0.020		0.010		g		g		g		j,k		E like me ka ʻaelike
Paipu i hoʻopaʻa ʻia
BM		0.22		0.45		1.20		0.025		0.015		0.05		0.05		0.04		e,l		.043	0.25
X42M		0.22		0.45		1.30		0.025		0.015		0.05		0.05		0.04		e,l		.043	0.25
X46M		0.22		0.45		1.30		0.025		0.015		0.05		0.05		0.04		e,l		.043	0.25
X52M		0.22		0.45		1.40		0.025		0.015		d		d		d		e,l		.043	0.25
X56M		0.22		0.45f		1.40		0.025		0.015		d		d		d		e,l		.043	0.25
X60M		0.12f		0.45f		1.60f		0.025		0.015		g		g		g		h,l		.043	0.25
X65M		0.12f		0.45f		1.60f		0.025		0.015		g		g		g		h,l		.043	0.25
X70M		0.12f		0.45f		1.70f		0.025		0.015		g		g		g		h,l		.043	0.25
X80M		0.12f		0.45f		1.85f		0.025		0.015		g		g		g		ʻo wau,j		.043f	0.25
X90M		0.10		0.55f		2.10f		0.020		0.010		g		g		g		ʻo wau,j		-	0.25
X100M		0.10		0.55f		2.10f		0.020		0.010		g		g		g		ʻo wau,j		-	0.25
ʻO SMLS t>0.787”, e like me ka ʻaelike nā palena CE. ʻO nā palena CEIIW i hoʻopili ʻia ma C > 0.12% a pili nā palena CEPcm inā C ≤ 0.12% No kēlā me kēia hōʻemi ʻana o 0.01% ma lalo o ka nui kiʻekiʻe i kuhikuhi ʻia no ke kalapona, a me ka hoʻonui ʻana o 0.05% ma luna o ka nui kiʻekiʻe i kuhikuhi ʻia no Mn ua ʻae ʻia, a hiki i ka nui o 1.65% no nā māka ≥ B, akā ≤ = X52; a hiki i ka nui o 1.75% no nā māka > X52, akā < X70; a hiki i ka nui o 2.00% no X70. Inā ʻaʻole i ʻaelike ʻia Nb = V ≤ 0.06% Nb = V = Ti ≤ 0.15% Inā ʻaʻole i ʻae ʻia, Cu ≤ 0.50%; Ni ≤ 0.30% Cr ≤ 0.30% a me Mo ≤ 0.15% Ke ʻole i ʻaelike ʻia Inā ʻaʻole i ʻaelike ʻia, Nb + V + Ti ≤ 0.15% Inā ʻaʻole i ʻae ʻia, Cu ≤ 0.50% Ni ≤ 0.50% Cr ≤ 0.50% a me MO ≤ 0.50% Inā ʻaʻole i ʻae ʻia, Cu ≤ 0.50% Ni ≤ 1.00% Cr ≤ 0.50% a me MO ≤ 0.50% B ≤ 0.004% Inā ʻaʻole i ʻae ʻia, Cu ≤ 0.50% Ni ≤ 1.00% Cr ≤ 0.55% a me MO ≤ 0.80% No nā papa paipu PSL 2 āpau koe wale nō kēlā mau papa me nā memo wāwae j i ʻōlelo ʻia, pili kēia. Inā ʻaʻole i ʻae ʻia, ʻaʻole ʻae ʻia ka hoʻohui manaʻo o B a ʻo ke koena B ≤ 0.001%.

ʻO Tensile a me ka Hua - PSL1 a me PSL2

Papa Paipu	Nā Waiwai Tensile - Kino Paipu o SMLS a me nā Paipu Welded PSL 1			Humuhumu o ka Paipu Welded
Papa Paipu	Ikaika Hāʻawi a R_t0,5PSI Min	Ikaika Tensile a Rm PSI Min	Hoʻolōʻihi (i loko o 2in Af % min)	Ikaika Tensile b Rm PSI Min
A	30,500	48,600	c	48,600
B	35,500	60,200	c	60,200
X42	42,100	60,200	c	60,200
X46	46,400	63,100	c	63,100
X52	52,200	66,700	c	66,700
X56	56,600	71,100	c	71,100
X60	60,200	75,400	c	75,400
X65	65,300	77,500	c	77,500
X70	70,300	82,700	c	82,700
a. No ka papa waena, ʻo ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka ikaika tensile haʻahaʻa loa i kuhikuhi ʻia a me ka hua haʻahaʻa loa i kuhikuhi ʻia no ke kino paipu e like me ka mea i hāʻawi ʻia no ka papa kiʻekiʻe aʻe. b. No nā papa waena, ʻo ka ikaika tensile liʻiliʻi loa i kuhikuhi ʻia no ke kuʻi weld e like me ka mea i hoʻoholo ʻia no ke kino me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka memo wāwae a. c. ʻO ka elongation palena iki i kuhikuhi ʻia, A_f,i hōʻike ʻia ma ka pakeneka a hoʻopōʻai ʻia i ka pakeneka kokoke loa, e hoʻoholo ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hoohalike ma lalo nei: Ma kahi o C he 1 940 no ka helu ʻana me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻāpana Si a me 625 000 no ka helu ʻana me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻāpana USC A_xcʻo ia ka mea piliʻāpana ʻāpana hoʻāʻo tensile, i hōʻike ʻia ma nā millimeters huinahā (ʻīniha huinahā), penei: - No nā ʻāpana hoʻāʻo ʻāpana keʻa poepoe, 130mm²(0.20 ʻīniha²) no nā ʻāpana hoʻāʻo he 12.7 mm (0.500 ʻīniha) a me 8.9 mm (.350 ʻīniha) ke anawaena; a me 65 mm²(0.10 ʻīniha²) no nā ʻāpana hoʻāʻo he 6.4 mm (0.250in) ke anawaena. - No nā ʻāpana hoʻāʻo ʻāpana piha, ʻo ka mea liʻiliʻi o a) 485 mm²(0.75 ʻīniha²) a me b) ka ʻāpana ʻāpana o ka ʻāpana hoʻāʻo, i loaʻa me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke anawaena waho i kuhikuhi ʻia a me ka mānoanoa o ka paia i kuhikuhi ʻia o ka paipu, i hoʻopuni ʻia i ka 10 mm kokoke loa²(0.10 ʻīniha²) - No nā ʻāpana hoʻāʻo kaha, ʻo ka mea liʻiliʻi o a) 485 mm²(0.75 ʻīniha²) a me b) ka ʻāpana ʻāpana o ka ʻāpana hoʻāʻo, i loaʻa me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka laulā i kuhikuhi ʻia o ka ʻāpana hoʻāʻo a me ka mānoanoa o ka paia i kuhikuhi ʻia o ka paipu, i hoʻopuni ʻia i ka 10 mm kokoke loa²(0.10 ʻīniha²) ʻO U ka ikaika tensile liʻiliʻi loa i kuhikuhi ʻia, i hōʻike ʻia ma megapascals (paona no ka ʻīniha kuea)

Papa Paipu	Nā Waiwai Tensile - Kino Paipu o SMLS a me nā Paipu Welded PSL 2						Humuhumu o ka Paipu Welded
	Ikaika Hāʻawi a R_t0,5PSI Min		Ikaika Tensile a Rm PSI Min		Lākiō a,c R_10,5IR_m	Hoʻolōʻihi (i loko o 2 ʻīniha) ʻAe%	Ikaika Tensile d R_m(psi)
	Ka palena iki	Ka palena kiʻekiʻe loa	Ka palena iki	Ka palena kiʻekiʻe loa	Ka palena kiʻekiʻe loa	Ka palena iki	Ka palena iki
BR, BN, BQ, BM	35,500	65,300	60,200	95,000	0.93	f	60,200
X42,X42R,X2Q,X42M	42,100	71,800	60,200	95,000	0.93	f	60,200
X46N,X46Q,X46M	46,400	76,100	63,100	95,000	0.93	f	63,100
X52N,X52Q,X52M	52,200	76,900	66,700	110,200	0.93	f	66,700
X56N,X56Q,X56M	56,600	79,000	71,100	110,200	0.93	f	71,100
X60N,X60Q,S60M	60,200	81,900	75,400	110,200	0.93	f	75,400
X65Q,X65M	65,300	87,000	77,600	110,200	0.93	f	76,600
X70Q,X65M	70,300	92,100	82,700	110,200	0.93	f	82,700
X80Q,X80M	80,.500	102,300	90,600	119,700	0.93	f	90,600
a. No ka papa waena, e nānā i ka kikoʻī piha o ka API5L. b. no nā māka > X90 e nānā i ka kikoʻī piha o API5L. c. Pili kēia palena no nā pai me D> 12.750 in d. No nā papa waena, ʻo ka ikaika tensile liʻiliʻi loa i kuhikuhi ʻia no ka humuhumu weld e like me ka waiwai i hoʻoholo ʻia no ke kino paipu me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka wāwae a. e. no ka paipu e koi ana i ka hoʻāʻo longitudinal, ʻo ka ikaika hua kiʻekiʻe loa he ≤ 71,800 psi f. ʻO ka elongation palena iki i kuhikuhi ʻia, A_f,i hōʻike ʻia ma ka pakeneka a hoʻopōʻai ʻia i ka pakeneka kokoke loa, e hoʻoholo ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hoohalike ma lalo nei: Ma kahi o C he 1 940 no ka helu ʻana me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻāpana Si a me 625 000 no ka helu ʻana me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻāpana USC A_xcʻo ia ka mea piliʻāpana ʻāpana hoʻāʻo tensile, i hōʻike ʻia ma nā millimeters huinahā (ʻīniha huinahā), penei: - No nā ʻāpana hoʻāʻo ʻāpana keʻa poepoe, 130mm²(0.20 ʻīniha²) no nā ʻāpana hoʻāʻo he 12.7 mm (0.500 ʻīniha) a me 8.9 mm (.350 ʻīniha) ke anawaena; a me 65 mm²(0.10 ʻīniha²) no nā ʻāpana hoʻāʻo he 6.4 mm (0.250in) ke anawaena. - No nā ʻāpana hoʻāʻo ʻāpana piha, ʻo ka mea liʻiliʻi o a) 485 mm²(0.75 ʻīniha²) a me b) ka ʻāpana ʻāpana o ka ʻāpana hoʻāʻo, i loaʻa me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke anawaena waho i kuhikuhi ʻia a me ka mānoanoa o ka paia i kuhikuhi ʻia o ka paipu, i hoʻopuni ʻia i ka 10 mm kokoke loa²(0.10 ʻīniha²) - No nā ʻāpana hoʻāʻo kaha, ʻo ka mea liʻiliʻi o a) 485 mm²(0.75 ʻīniha²) a me b) ka ʻāpana ʻāpana o ka ʻāpana hoʻāʻo, i loaʻa me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka laulā i kuhikuhi ʻia o ka ʻāpana hoʻāʻo a me ka mānoanoa o ka paia i kuhikuhi ʻia o ka paipu, i hoʻopuni ʻia i ka 10 mm kokoke loa²(0.10 ʻīniha²) ʻO U ka ikaika tensile liʻiliʻi loa i kuhikuhi ʻia, i hōʻike ʻia ma megapascals (paona no ka ʻīniha kuea g. Nā waiwai haʻahaʻa no R_10,5IR_mhiki ke kuhikuhi ʻiama o ka ʻaelike h. no nā māka > x90 e nānā i ka kikoʻī piha o API5L.

Hoʻāʻo Hydrostatic

ʻO ka paipu e kū i kahi hoʻāʻo hydrostatic me ka ʻole o ka liki ʻana ma o ka humuhumu weld a i ʻole ke kino paipu. ʻAʻole pono e hoʻāʻo ʻia nā mea hui hydrostatic inā ua hoʻāʻo pono ʻia nā ʻāpana paipu i hoʻohana ʻia.

Hoʻāʻo Kūlou

ʻAʻole e loaʻa nā māwae ma kekahi ʻāpana o ka ʻāpana hoʻāʻo a ʻaʻole hoʻi e wehe ʻia ka wili i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia.

Hoʻāʻo Hoʻopālahalaha

Pono nā pae hoʻokō no ka hoʻāʻo pālahalaha
a) Nā paipu EW D<12.750 ʻīniha
-≥ X60 me T≥0.500in, ʻaʻohe puka o ka wili ma mua o ka emi ʻana o ka mamao ma waena o nā papa ma mua o 66% o ke anawaena waho mua. No nā papa a me ka paia āpau, 50%.
-No ka paipu me ka D/t > 10, ʻaʻohe puka o ka wili ma mua o ka emi ʻana o ka mamao ma waena o nā papa ma mua o 30% o ke anawaena waho mua.
b) No nā nui ʻē aʻe e nānā i ka kikoʻī piha o API5L

Hoʻāʻo hopena CVN no PSL2

Pono ka nui o nā nui a me nā papa o nā paipu PSL2 i ka CVN. Pono e hoʻāʻo ʻia ka paipu seamless i loko o ke kino. Pono e hoʻāʻo ʻia ka paipu i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma ke kino, ka paipu i hoʻopaʻa ʻia a me ka ʻāpana i hoʻopilikia ʻia e ka wela (HAZ). E nānā i ka kikoʻī piha o ka API5L no ka pakuhi o nā nui a me nā papa a me nā waiwai ikehu i hoʻopili ʻia e pono ai.

Nā hoʻomanawanui ma waho o ke anawaena, Ma waho o ke kaʻapuni a me ka mānoanoa o ka paia

Anawaena waho i kuhikuhi ʻia D (in)	Ke anawaena o ke ahonui, ʻīniha d				Ka hoʻomanawanui ʻana ma waho o ka poepoe i loko
	Paipu koe wale nō ka hopena a		ʻO ka hopena paipu a,b,c		Paipu koe wale nō ka hopena a	Pauna Paipu a,b,c
	Paipu SMLS	Paipu i hoʻopaʻa ʻia	Paipu SMLS	Paipu i hoʻopaʻa ʻia
< 2.375	-0.031 a i + 0.016		- 0.031 a i + 0.016		0.048	0.036
≥2.375 a i 6.625	+/- 0.0075D		- 0.016 a i + 0.063		0.020D no Ma ka ʻaelike no	0.015D no Ma ka ʻaelike no
>6.625 a i 24.000	+/- 0.0075D	+/- 0.0075D, akā ʻo ka palena kiʻekiʻe loa he 0.125	+/- 0.005D, akā ʻo ka palena kiʻekiʻe loa he 0.063		0.020D	0.015D
>24 a 56	+/- 0.01D	+/- 0.005D akā ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o 0.160	+/- 0.079	+/- 0.063	0.015D no akā ʻo ka palena kiʻekiʻe o 0.060 No Ma ka ʻaelike no	0.01D no akā ʻoi aku ka nui o 0.500 No Ma ka ʻaelike no
>56	E like me ka ʻaelike
ʻO ka hopena o ka paipu he 4 iniha ka lōʻihi o kēlā me kēia ʻaoʻao o ka paipu. No ka paipu SMLS, pili ke ahonui no t≤0.984in a ʻo nā ahonui no ka paipu mānoanoa e like me ka ʻaelike. No ka paipu i hoʻonui ʻia me D≥8.625in a no ka paipu i hoʻonui ʻole ʻia, hiki ke hoʻoholo ʻia ke ahonui o ke anawaena a me ke ahonui o ka poepoe ma waho o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke anawaena o loko i helu ʻia a i ʻole ke anawaena o loko i ana ʻia ma mua o ka OD i kuhikuhi ʻia. No ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ke kūlike i ke anawaena, ua wehewehe ʻia ke anawaena o ka paipu ʻo ia ke anapuni o ka paipu ma kekahi mokulele circumferential i puʻunaue ʻia e Pi.

Mānoanoa o ka paia ʻīniha t	Nā hoʻomanawanui a ʻīniha
Paipu SMLS b
≤ 0.157	+ 0.024 / – 0.020
> 0.157 a i < 0.948	+ 0.150t / – 0.125t
≥ 0.984	+ 0.146 a i ʻole + 0.1t, ʻo ia ka mea nui loa - 0.120 a i ʻole – 0.1t, ʻo ia ka mea nui aʻe
Paipu i hoʻopaʻa ʻia c,d
≤ 0.197	+/- 0.020
> 0.197 a i < 0.591	+/- 0.1t
≥ 0.591	+/- 0.060
Inā kuhikuhi ke kauoha kūʻai i kahi ʻae ʻole no ka mānoanoa o ka paia i ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o ka waiwai kūpono i hāʻawi ʻia ma kēia papa, e hoʻonui ʻia ka ʻae ʻole hoʻohui no ka mānoanoa o ka paia e kahi nui e lawa ai e mālama i ka laulā ʻae ʻole kūpono. No ka paipu me D≥ 14.000 ʻīniha a me t≥0.984 ʻīniha, hiki i ke ahonui mānoanoa o ka paia ma kahi kūloko ke ʻoi aku ma mua o ke ahonui hoʻohui no ka mānoanoa o ka paia ma o 0.05t hou aku inā ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o ke ahonui hoʻohui no ke kaumaha. ʻAʻole pili ka hoʻomanawanui hoʻohui no ka mānoanoa o ka paia i ka ʻāpana weld E ʻike i ka kikoʻī piha o ka API5L no nā kikoʻī piha